{"id":55804,"date":"2026-10-08T07:16:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T07:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkseagreen-rook-345411.hostingersite.com\/?approfondimento=les-forteresses-de-sarzana-firmafede-et-sarzanello"},"modified":"2026-10-08T07:16:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T07:16:02","slug":"forteresses","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/fr\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/forteresses\/","title":{"rendered":"Les forteresses de Sarzana : Firmafede et Sarzanello"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/fr\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/\">Sarzana<\/a> est une ville de forteresses : deux grandes places fortes du XVe si\u00e8cle, l&rsquo;une dans le centre, l&rsquo;autre sur la colline, construites quand Florence et G\u00eanes se disputaient la vall\u00e9e de la Magra. Elles diff\u00e8rent par leur histoire, leur forme et leurs horaires, et il vaut la peine de voir les deux le m\u00eame jour. Voici ce qui distingue la Firmafede de Sarzanello, ce qu&rsquo;on visite, combien \u00e7a co\u00fbte et comment monter \u00e0 pied.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Forteresse Firmafede :<\/strong> la Citadelle, dans la vieille ville, voulue par Laurent de M\u00e9dicis (1487\u20131492)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Forteresse de Sarzanello :<\/strong> sur la colline au nord-est, plan triangulaire avec ravelin<\/li>\n<li><strong>Billets :<\/strong> 5 \u20ac plein tarif pour chacune ; billet combin\u00e9 8 \u20ac \u00e0 la Firmafede ; gratuit moins de 6 ans<\/li>\n<li><strong>Horaires :<\/strong> saisonniers ; en octobre 2026, la Firmafede ouvre du mardi au dimanche<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dur\u00e9e :<\/strong> environ une heure chacune, plus la mont\u00e9e \u00e0 Sarzanello<\/li>\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s :<\/strong> Firmafede \u00e0 pied depuis le centre ; Sarzanello en voiture ou \u00e0 pied par la Montata<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Pourquoi Sarzana a deux forteresses<\/h2>\n<p>Au Moyen \u00c2ge, Sarzana \u00e9tait la porte entre la Ligurie et la Toscane, sur la via Francigena et pr\u00e8s de l&#8217;embouchure de la Magra. Qui la tenait contr\u00f4lait la route entre G\u00eanes, Pise et la plaine du P\u00f4. Elle changea donc souvent de mains : \u00e9v\u00eaques de Luni, Pise, seigneurs de Lucques, famille Fregoso, Florence, Banque de Saint-Georges et enfin R\u00e9publique de G\u00eanes.<\/p>\n<p>Le tournant fut la guerre de \u00ab\u00a0Serezzana\u00a0\u00bb, de 1484 \u00e0 1487. Florence l&#8217;emporta, prit la ville, et Laurent le Magnifique d\u00e9cida d&rsquo;en faire un avant-poste fortifi\u00e9. Il fit reconstruire la forteresse urbaine et transformer le ch\u00e2teau de la colline : les deux places fonctionnaient ensemble, l&rsquo;une d\u00e9fendant les remparts, l&rsquo;autre surveillant la vall\u00e9e. En 1496, Sarzana revint \u00e0 G\u00eanes, qui acheva les travaux au si\u00e8cle suivant.<\/p>\n<h2>Forteresse Firmafede (la Citadelle)<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-1024x655.webp\" class=\"wp-image-32672\" alt=\"Forteresse Firmafede \u00e0 Sarzana\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-1024x655.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-768x491.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Elle se dresse au bord sud de la vieille ville, \u00e0 quelques minutes de la piazza Matteotti. Elle tient son nom d&rsquo;un ch\u00e2teau pisan du XIIIe si\u00e8cle d\u00e9truit lors du si\u00e8ge florentin de 1487 ; sur ses ruines, entre 1487 et 1492, les architectes de Laurent de M\u00e9dicis b\u00e2tirent la forteresse actuelle. C&rsquo;est un grand quadrilat\u00e8re \u00e0 tours d&rsquo;angle rondes, avec un donjon central et un foss\u00e9 tout autour.<\/p>\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le rattachement de G\u00eanes au royaume de Sardaigne, au XIXe si\u00e8cle, elle servit de caserne puis de prison jusqu&rsquo;aux ann\u00e9es 1970. La restauration, de 1985 \u00e0 2003, en a fait un centre culturel.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce qu&rsquo;on visite<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>La place d&rsquo;armes et les tours<\/li>\n<li>Le chemin de ronde, avec vue sur les toits de la vieille ville<\/li>\n<li>Les souterrains et galeries<\/li>\n<li>Les cellules, souvenir des ann\u00e9es de prison<\/li>\n<li>Des expositions temporaires et, en ao\u00fbt, le salon national des antiquaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Le MUdeF, mus\u00e9e multim\u00e9dia des forteresses install\u00e9 dans la Citadelle, est temporairement ferm\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;automne 2026 pour l&rsquo;entretien de ses \u00e9quipements.<\/p>\n<h3>Horaires et billets<\/h3>\n<p>En octobre 2026, la Firmafede est ferm\u00e9e le lundi, ouverte du mardi au vendredi de 10 h \u00e0 13 h, le samedi et le dimanche de 10 h \u00e0 13 h et de 15 h \u00e0 18 h. L&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9, les horaires changent. Le billet plein co\u00fbte 5 \u20ac, le r\u00e9duit 4 \u20ac (moins de 14 ans, plus de 65 ans, groupes) ; des forfaits famille \u00e0 12 et 16 \u20ac et un audioguide en italien et en anglais \u00e0 2 \u20ac sont propos\u00e9s. Le <strong>billet combin\u00e9 pour les deux forteresses co\u00fbte 8 \u20ac<\/strong>. V\u00e9rifie toujours le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortezzafirmafede.it\/orari-tariffe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">site officiel de la Fortezza Firmafede<\/a>, car le parcours peut fermer pendant les \u00e9v\u00e9nements.<\/p>\n<h2>Forteresse de Sarzanello<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1024x680.webp\" class=\"wp-image-44912\" alt=\"Forteresse de Sarzanello vue d&#039;en haut\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1024x680.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-300x199.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-768x510.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1536x1020.webp 1536w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>Le ch\u00e2teau de la colline existait d\u00e9j\u00e0 en 963, quand l&#8217;empereur Otton Ier le confirma \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00eaque de Luni. De 1317 \u00e0 1328, il fut la r\u00e9sidence de Castruccio Castracani, seigneur de Lucques, qui le renfor\u00e7a. Sa forme actuelle date d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s 1487, avec les travaux voulus par Florence.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;un des exemples les plus nets d&rsquo;architecture militaire de transition entre Moyen \u00c2ge et Renaissance. Le corps principal est triangulaire, \u00e0 trois tours rondes ; devant se trouve un grand ravelin, lui aussi triangulaire, reli\u00e9 par un pont. L&rsquo;ensemble dessine un losange, entour\u00e9 d&rsquo;un foss\u00e9 sec qu&rsquo;on traverse sur un petit pont de pierre.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1024x576.webp\" class=\"wp-image-43572\" alt=\"Tour ronde de la forteresse de Sarzanello\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-2048x1152.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h3>Horaires et billets<\/h3>\n<p>Sarzanello est g\u00e9r\u00e9e par le minist\u00e8re italien de la Culture, via les Mus\u00e9es nationaux de Ligurie, et ouvre selon des horaires saisonniers : surtout le week-end pendant les mois frais, plus de jours et jusqu&rsquo;en soir\u00e9e l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9. Le billet plein co\u00fbte 5 \u20ac, le r\u00e9duit 4 \u20ac, gratuit moins de 6 ans. Avant de monter, appelle le num\u00e9ro indiqu\u00e9 sur le site de la Firmafede ou sur les pages du minist\u00e8re de la Culture pour v\u00e9rifier les horaires.<\/p>\n<h2>Comment monter \u00e0 Sarzanello<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u00c0 pied :<\/strong> depuis le centre, monte par la Montata di Sarzanello, un chemin avec vue sur la vall\u00e9e de la Magra. Depuis la gare, compte 15 \u00e0 20 minutes de mont\u00e9e d&rsquo;un bon pas. Chaussures confortables, et de l&rsquo;eau l&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>En voiture :<\/strong> depuis le centre, direction Fosdinovo, puis via alla Fortezza.<\/li>\n<li><strong>En transports :<\/strong> les bus urbains ne vont pas jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 la forteresse ; l&rsquo;alternative \u00e0 la marche est le taxi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Les deux forteresses en une demi-journ\u00e9e<\/h2>\n<p>Commence le matin par la Firmafede, ach\u00e8te le billet combin\u00e9 et fais le tour des remparts. D\u00e9jeune en ville, puis monte \u00e0 Sarzanello l&rsquo;apr\u00e8s-midi, quand la lumi\u00e8re sur la vall\u00e9e est la plus belle. L&rsquo;\u00e9t\u00e9, inverse l&rsquo;ordre et fais la mont\u00e9e t\u00f4t le matin. Le reste de la ville, avec la cath\u00e9drale et la via Mazzini, est dans notre <a href=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/fr\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/\">guide de Sarzana<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Questions fr\u00e9quentes sur les forteresses de Sarzana<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre Firmafede et Sarzanello ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La Firmafede est la Citadelle de la vieille ville, \u00e0 plan carr\u00e9 ; Sarzanello est sur la colline au-dessus de la ville, \u00e0 plan triangulaire avec un ravelin. La premi\u00e8re d\u00e9fendait les remparts, la seconde contr\u00f4lait la vall\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Existe-t-il un billet unique pour les deux forteresses ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oui, \u00e0 la Fortezza Firmafede on peut acheter un billet combin\u00e9 pour les deux \u00e0 8 \u20ac. Le billet simple co\u00fbte 5 \u20ac.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Qui a construit la forteresse Firmafede ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La forteresse actuelle a \u00e9t\u00e9 voulue par Laurent de M\u00e9dicis et construite entre 1487 et 1492 sur les restes d&rsquo;un ch\u00e2teau pisan du XIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Peut-on monter \u00e0 pied \u00e0 Sarzanello ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Oui, par la Montata di Sarzanello : depuis la gare, il faut 15 \u00e0 20 minutes de mont\u00e9e. Les bus urbains ne vont pas \u00e0 la forteresse.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Le mus\u00e9e des forteresses est-il ouvert ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le MUdeF, dans la Firmafede, est temporairement ferm\u00e9 pour entretien \u00e0 l&rsquo;automne 2026 ; la forteresse reste visitable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La Citadelle des M\u00e9dicis et la forteresse triangulaire sur la colline : histoire, visite, billet combin\u00e9 et mont\u00e9e \u00e0 pied.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":43572,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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