{"id":55802,"date":"2026-10-08T07:16:01","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T07:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/darkseagreen-rook-345411.hostingersite.com\/?approfondimento=the-fortresses-of-sarzana-firmafede-and-sarzanello"},"modified":"2026-10-08T07:16:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T07:16:02","slug":"fortresses","status":"publish","type":"approfondimento","link":"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/en\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/fortresses\/","title":{"rendered":"The fortresses of Sarzana: Firmafede and Sarzanello"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/en\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/\">Sarzana<\/a> is a town of fortresses: two great 15th-century strongholds, one in the centre and one on the hill, built when Florence and Genoa were fighting over the Magra valley. They differ in history, shape and opening hours, and it is worth seeing both on the same day. Here is what sets Firmafede apart from Sarzanello, what you can visit, what it costs and how to walk up.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Fortezza Firmafede:<\/strong> the Citadel, in the old town, built for Lorenzo de&#8217; Medici (1487\u20131492)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Fortezza di Sarzanello:<\/strong> on the hill to the north-east, triangular plan with a ravelin<\/li>\n<li><strong>Tickets:<\/strong> \u20ac5 full price for each; \u20ac8 combined ticket at Firmafede; free under 6<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hours:<\/strong> seasonal; in October 2026 Firmafede opens Tuesday to Sunday<\/li>\n<li><strong>Time needed:<\/strong> about an hour each, plus the climb to Sarzanello<\/li>\n<li><strong>Getting there:<\/strong> Firmafede on foot from the centre; Sarzanello by car or on foot via the Montata<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Why Sarzana has two fortresses<\/h2>\n<p>In the Middle Ages Sarzana was the gateway between Liguria and Tuscany, on the Via Francigena and close to the mouth of the Magra. Whoever held it controlled the road between Genoa, Pisa and the Po plain. So it changed hands many times: the bishops of Luni, Pisa, the lords of Lucca, the Fregoso family, Florence, the Bank of Saint George and finally the Republic of Genoa.<\/p>\n<p>The turning point was the war of &#8220;Serezzana&#8221; in 1484\u20131487. Florence won, took the town, and Lorenzo the Magnificent decided to make it a fortified outpost. He had the town stronghold rebuilt and the hilltop castle transformed: the two forts worked together, one defending the walls, the other watching the valley. In 1496 Sarzana returned to Genoa, which completed the works in the following century.<\/p>\n<h2>Fortezza Firmafede (the Citadel)<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" width=\"1024\" height=\"655\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-1024x655.webp\" class=\"wp-image-32671\" alt=\"Firmafede Fortress in Sarzana\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-1024x655.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-300x192.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana-768x491.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/fortezza-firmafede-sarzana.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>It stands on the southern edge of the old town, a few minutes from Piazza Matteotti. It takes its name from a 13th-century Pisan stronghold destroyed during the Florentine siege of 1487; on its ruins, between 1487 and 1492, Lorenzo de&#8217; Medici&#8217;s architects built the present fortress. It is a large quadrilateral with round corner towers, a central keep and a moat all around.<\/p>\n<p>After Genoa passed to the Kingdom of Sardinia in the 19th century, it became a barracks and then a prison, until the 1970s. Restoration between 1985 and 2003 turned it into a cultural centre.<\/p>\n<h3>What you can visit<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>The parade ground and the towers<\/li>\n<li>The wall walk, with views over the rooftops of the old town<\/li>\n<li>The tunnels and underground galleries<\/li>\n<li>The prison cells, a reminder of its years as a jail<\/li>\n<li>Temporary exhibitions and, in August, the National Antiques Fair<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The MUdeF, the multimedia fortress museum inside the Citadel, is temporarily closed in autumn 2026 for maintenance of its equipment.<\/p>\n<h3>Opening hours and tickets<\/h3>\n<p>In October 2026 Firmafede is closed on Mondays and open Tuesday to Friday 10am\u20131pm, Saturday and Sunday 10am\u20131pm and 3\u20136pm. Summer hours are different. A full ticket costs \u20ac5, reduced \u20ac4 (under 14, over 65, groups); family tickets cost \u20ac12 and \u20ac16, and an audio guide in Italian and English costs \u20ac2. The <strong>combined ticket for both fortresses is \u20ac8<\/strong>. Always check the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fortezzafirmafede.it\/orari-tariffe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">official Fortezza Firmafede website<\/a>, as the route can close during events and re-enactments.<\/p>\n<h2>Fortezza di Sarzanello<\/h2>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1024x680.webp\" class=\"wp-image-44911\" alt=\"Sarzanello Fortress seen from above\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1024x680.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-300x199.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-768x510.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1-1536x1020.webp 1536w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/fortezza-sarzanello-sarzana-2048x1360-1.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p>The hilltop castle already existed in 963, when Emperor Otto I confirmed it to the bishop of Luni. Between 1317 and 1328 it was the residence of Castruccio Castracani, lord of Lucca, who strengthened it. Its present form dates from after 1487, with the works ordered by Florence.<\/p>\n<p>It is one of the clearest examples of military architecture in transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. The main body is triangular with three round towers; in front stands a large ravelin, also triangular, linked by a bridge. Together they form a rhombus, surrounded by a dry moat crossed on a small stone bridge.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1024x576.webp\" class=\"wp-image-43571\" alt=\"Round tower of the Sarzanello Fortress\" decoding=\"async\" srcset=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/sarzana-3-2048x1152.webp 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<h3>Opening hours and tickets<\/h3>\n<p>Sarzanello is run by the Italian Ministry of Culture through the National Museums of Liguria and opens on seasonal hours: mostly at weekends in the colder months, on more days and into the evening in summer. A full ticket costs \u20ac5, reduced \u20ac4, free under 6. Before climbing up, check current hours by phoning the number listed on the Firmafede website or on the Ministry of Culture pages.<\/p>\n<h2>How to get up to Sarzanello<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>On foot:<\/strong> from the centre, climb the Montata di Sarzanello, a path with views over the Magra valley. From the station allow 15\u201320 minutes uphill, at a steady pace. Wear comfortable shoes and carry water in summer.<\/li>\n<li><strong>By car:<\/strong> from the centre take the road towards Fosdinovo, then Via alla Fortezza.<\/li>\n<li><strong>By public transport:<\/strong> town buses do not reach the fortress; the alternative to walking is a taxi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>Both fortresses in half a day<\/h2>\n<p>Start with Firmafede in the morning, buy the combined ticket and walk the walls. Have lunch in town, then climb to Sarzanello in the afternoon, when the light over the valley is best. In summer, reverse the order and do the climb early in the morning. The rest of the town, with the cathedral and Via Mazzini, is in our <a href=\"https:\/\/italian-riviera.com\/en\/riviera-di-levante\/sarzana\/\">Sarzana guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions about the fortresses of Sarzana<\/h2>\n<p><strong>What is the difference between Firmafede and Sarzanello?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Firmafede is the Citadel in the old town, with a square plan; Sarzanello is on the hill above town, with a triangular plan and a ravelin. The first defended the walls, the second controlled the valley.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Is there a single ticket for both fortresses?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes, at Fortezza Firmafede you can buy a combined ticket for both at \u20ac8. A single ticket costs \u20ac5.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Who built Fortezza Firmafede?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The present fortress was ordered by Lorenzo de&#8217; Medici and built between 1487 and 1492, on the remains of a 13th-century Pisan stronghold.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Can you walk up to Sarzanello?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yes, along the Montata di Sarzanello: from the station it takes 15\u201320 minutes uphill. Town buses do not go to the fortress.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Is the fortress museum open?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The MUdeF, inside Firmafede, is temporarily closed for maintenance in autumn 2026; the fortress itself remains open to visitors.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Lorenzo de&#8217; Medici&#8217;s Citadel and the triangular fortress on the hill: history, what to visit, the combined ticket and how to walk 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